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History From oral histories, there is certainly evidence of a tradition associated with ancient hockey-like game played associated with the Mi'kmaq First Nation in Eastern Canada. In Legends belonging to the Micmacs (1894), Silas T. Rand describes a Mi'kmaq pastime people called tooadijik. Rand also describes a house game that is played (likely after European contact) with hurleys, called wolchamaadijik. European immigrants brought various versions of hockey-like games to Canada, for example the Irish sport of hurling, the closely related Scottish sport of shinty, and versions of field hockey played in England. Where necessary, these seem to have been adapted for icy conditions. Early paintings show "shinney", an early on kind of hockey without the need of standard rules, being took part in Russia. Thomas Chandler Haliburton, inside Attache: Second Series, published in 1844, reminisced about boys from King's College School in Windsor, Nova Scotia, playing "hurly on your long pond at the ice" when he was obviously a student there, no later than 1810. Even now, shinny (or shinney) (resulting Shinty) is a popular Canadian term take an informal style of hockey, either on ice or as street hockey. These early games perhaps have also absorbed the physically aggressive the different parts of what is the Mi'kmaq in Nova Scotia called dehuntshigwa'es (lacrosse). Ye Gude Olde Days, from Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game, 1899. In 1825 Sir John Franklin wrote that "The bet on hockey played for the ice was the morning sport" while on Great Bear Lake during one of his Arctic expeditions. In 1843 a British Army officer in Kingston, Ontario in Canada, wrote "Began to skate this season, improved quickly together with great fun at hockey relating to the ice." Content with the Boston Evening Gazette, in 1859, makes reference a great bet on hockey on ice occurring in Halifax where year. The main recorded hockey games were played by British soldiers stationed in Kingston and Halifax within mid-1850s. In the 1870s, the 1st known list of ice hockey rules were drawn up by students at Montreal's McGill University. These rules established the quantity of players per side to 9 and replaced the ball by having a wood puck. Dependent on Haliburton's writings, we have witnessed claims that modern ice hockey came from Windsor, Nova Scotia, by Kings Young people and was named after anyone, as with "Colonel Hockey's game". As reported by the Austin Hockey Association, the idea of puck is derived from the Scottish and Gaelic word "puc" or use the Irish word "poc", meaning to poke, punch or deliver a blow. This definition is explained at a book published in 1910 entitled "English today it in Ireland" by P. W. Joyce. It defines the word puck as "... The blow made available from a hurler towards the ball together with his caman or hurley is definitely known as puck". First step toward modern hockey Ice hockey at McGill University, Montreal, 1901. The very first Stanley Cup, from the Hockey Hall of Fame vault. Ottawa Hockey Club "Silver Seven" (the original Ottawa Senators), the Champion of one's Stanley Cup in 1905 Ice hockey in Europe; Oxford University vs. Switzerland, 1922. Future Canadian Pm Lester Pearson reaches right front. With regards to game's origins may lie elsewhere, Montreal is in the centre of the continuing development of present day sport of ice hockey. On March 3, 1875 the best organized indoor game was played at Montreal's Victoria Skating Rink between two sides of nine-player teams including James Creighton plus several McGill Scholars. Bingo featured using a puck to prevent it during the rink; the goals were goal posts 6 feet apart, as well as game was An hour. In 1877, several McGill students, including Creighton, Henry Joseph, Richard F. Smith, W. F. Robertson, and W. L. Murray codified seven ice hockey rules, based on the rules of field hockey. The original ice hockey club, McGill University Hockey Club, was founded in 1877 then the Montreal Victorias, organized in 1881. The video game became trendy of the fact that first "world championship" of ice hockey was featured in Montreal's annual Winter Carnival in 1883 and the McGill team captured the "Carnival Cup". The total number of players per side was reduced to seven, additionally, the games now organized into thirty-minute halves. The positions were now named with everywhere you look wing, centre, rover, point and cover point, and goalkeeper. In 1885, the Montreal City Hockey League was established. In 1886, the teams which competed inside the Winter Carnival would organize the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) league and play an everyday season made from "challenges" on the existing champion. In Europe, it happens to be considered that in 1885 the Oxford University Ice Hockey Club was formed that can be played the earliest Ice Hockey Varsity Match against traditional rival Cambridge in St. Moritz, Switzerland, even though this is undocumented. This match was won by way of the Oxford Dark Blues, 6-0. The earliest photographs and team lists date from 1895. This remains to be the oldest hockey rivalry of all time. In 1888, the brand new Governor General of Canada, Lord Stanley of Preston, whose sons and daughter became hockey enthusiasts, attended the Montreal Winter Carnival tournament and was impressed considering the hockey spectacle. In 1892, recognizing there was no recognition of the best team overall of Canada (various leagues had championship trophies), he got such a decorative bowl to get used to be a trophy. The Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, which later became more famously referred to as a Stanley Cup, was initially awarded in 1893 with the Montreal HC, champions belonging to the AHAC. It is still awarded right now to the National Hockey League's championship team. Stanley's son Arthur helped organize the Ontario Hockey Association and Stanley's daughter Isobel was the most important aspect women to play ice hockey. By 1893, insurance carrier almost numerous teams in Montreal alone, and leagues throughout Canada. Winnipeg hockey players had incorporated cricket pads to better protect the goaltender's legs. Additionally introduced the "scoop" shot, later known as the wrist shot. Goal nets became a regular feature of your Canadian Amateur Hockey League(CAHL) in 1900. Everywhere you look defence began to replace the actual and cover point positions in 1906 around the OHA. A similar sport were definitely popular in north america (US) do your best called ice polo, but by 1893 the original ice hockey matches were being played at Yale University and Johns Hopkins University. Ice polo, played in the ultra-modern England area, would die out as Americans adopted ice hockey. In 1896, the main ice hockey league in the us alone was formed. The U. S. Amateur Hockey League was founded in New York City right after the opening of one's St. Nicholas Rink and its particular artificial ice rink. Lord Stanley's five sons were instrumental in bringing ice hockey to Europe, beating a court team (which included the future Edward VII and George V) at Buckingham Palace in 1895. By 1903 a five-team league were definitely founded. The Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace was founded in 1908 to govern international competitions, and also first European championships were won by Great Britain in 1910. Within the mid-20th century, the League took over as International Ice Hockey Federation. Professional era Main articles: Professional ice hockey and History of the nation's Hockey League Professional ice hockey has been in existence with the early 1900s. By 1902, the Western Pennsylvania Hockey League was the first one to openly employ professionals. The league merged with teams in Michigan and Ontario to the main fully professional International Professional Hockey League (IPHL) in 1904. The IPHL hired numerous players from Canada and Canadian leagues understand what greater evidence begun to openly pay players, who played alongside amateurs. The IPHL, cut off looking at the biggest method to obtain players, disbanded in 1907. At that same moment, several professional hockey leagues were operating in Canada, with leagues from the Manitoba, Ontario and Quebec provinces of Canada. In 1910, the nation's Hockey Association (NHA) was formed in Montreal. The NHA would further refine the laws, dropping the rover position, splitting the action into three 20-minute periods and introducing the program of minor and major penalties. After re-organizing for the reason that National Hockey League (NHL) in 1917, the league expanded straight into the United States in 1924. Professional ice hockey leagues developed later in Europe. A game of bandy had been popular and amateur leagues ending in national championships were set. One of the first was the Swiss National League A, founded in 1916. Today, professional leagues are introduced generally in most countries of Europe. The premium leagues in Europe have the Kontinental Hockey League, the Czech Extraliga, the Finnish SM-liiga together with the Swedish Elitserien. Equipment Main article: Ice hockey equipment Since ice hockey is mostly a full contact sport and bodychecks are permitted, injuries can be quite a common occurrence. Protective gear is highly recommended and is particularly enforced in most competitive situations. This usually incorporates a helmet, shoulder pads, elbow pads, mouth guard, protective gloves, heavily padded shorts (often known as hockey pants), athletic cup/jock strap, shin pads, and (optionally) a neck protector. Plus, goaltenders usually add a neck guard, chest protector, blocker, catch glove, and leg pads. Injury Ice hockey is definitely a full contact sport and possesses a danger of injury. Don't merely would be the players moving around 2030 miles an hour (32 - 48 kilometers an hour), is much the sport requires the physical contact between players. Skate blades, hockey sticks, shoulders, hips, and hockey pucks all contribute. The total number of injuries is very high[citation needed] and includes lacerations, concussions, contusions, ligament tears, brittle bones, hyperextensions and muscle strains. Head injuries Depending on the Hughston Health Alert, "Lacerations towards the head, scalp, and face could be the general forms of injury [in hockey]." (Schmidt 6) Obviously any good shallow cut towards head ends up in a loss of a large sum of blood. Most concussions occur during player to player contact and not just if your player is checked straight into the boards. Not merely are lacerations common, t is estimated that direct trauma makes up about 80% of all the [hockey] injuries. Most injuries originate player contact, falls and contact which has a puck, high stick and occasionally, a skate blade. (Schmidt 3) Game Since the general characteristics of your game are identical wherever its played, the actual precise rules make use of the unique code of play available. The two most important codes are the ones with the International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) as well as the Canadian founded and United states expanded National Hockey League (NHL). Typical layout of each ice hockey rink surface Ice hockey is played on the hockey rink. During normal play, you can find six players, including one goaltender, per side at the ice suddenly, all of whom is on ice skates. The goal of a game can be to score goals by shooting a horrible vulcanized rubber disc, the puck, into your opponent's goal net, that's placed around the opposite end of the rink. The squad may control the puck using a long stay with a blade that is definitely commonly curved at one end. Players may also redirect the puck with any part on their bodies, controlled by certain restrictions. Players would possibly not hold the puck throughout their hand so are prohibited by using their hands passing the puck at their teammates, unless they can indeed be while in the defensive zone. Players are likewise prohibited from kicking the puck in the opponent's goal, though unintentional redirections off of the skate are permitted. Players might not intentionally bat the puck throughout the net utilizing hands. Hockey is definitely an "offside" game, meaning forward passes are permitted, unlike rugby. Prior to the 1930s hockey was an onside game, meaning only backward passes were allowed. Those rules favored individual stick-handling in the form of key ways of driving the puck forward. Aided by the arrival of offside rules, the forward pass transformed hockey straight into a truly team sport, where individual heroics diminished in importance relative to team play, that can certainly be coordinated covering the entire surface of the ice rather than merely rearward players. The 5 players other than the goaltender tend to be put into three forwards as well as two defencemen. The forward positions consist of a centre and also wingers: a left wing and then a right wing. Forwards often play together as units or lines, with your three forwards always playing together. The defencemen usually stay together as a pair generally divided between everywhere you look. Everywhere you look side wingers or defencemen are actually positioned so dependant upon the side about what they carry their stick. A substitution of the entire unit simultaneously is known as line change. Teams typically employ alternate sets of forward lines and defensive pairings when shorthanded or on a power play. Substitutions are permitted at any time during a game, although during the stoppage of be in the home team is permitted the total change. When players are substituted during play, it happens to be called changing on the fly. A whole new NHL rule added the 2005-2006 season prevents a team from changing their line as soon as they ice the puck. The boards surrounding the ice try to keep the puck in play and in addition they can also be used as tools to spend time playing the puck. Players are permitted to "bodycheck" opponents to the boards as a means of stopping progress. The referees, linesmen and also the outsides with the goal are "in play" and never cause a stoppage belonging to the game in case the puck or players are influenced (by either bouncing or colliding) into them. Play will be stopped should the goal is knocked out of position. Play often proceeds for minutes without interruption. When play is stopped, it happens to be restarted by using a faceoff. Two players "face" each other plus an official drops the puck in to the ice, in which the two players effort to gain command over the puck. Markings over the ice indicate the locations for the "faceoff" and slowly move the positioning of players. You will find three major rules of play in ice hockey to limit the movement belonging to the puck: offside, icing, and also puck losing sight of play. The puck goes "out of play" whenever it's going in the evening perimeter of the ice rink (into the player benches, throughout the "glass", or onto the protective netting over the glass) and a stoppage of play is termed from the officials using whistles. Further, it is irrelevant should the puck returns onto in to the ice surface from those areas as the puck is regarded dead once it leaves the perimeter belonging to the rink. Under IIHF rules, each team may carry a more 20 players and also goaltenders on the roster. NHL rules restrict the overall volume of players per game to 18 (traditionally twelve forwards and six defensemen) plus two goaltenders. Penalties Main article: Penalty (ice hockey) Altercations often occur outside of the goal right after a stoppage of play, since defensive players tend to be worried about protecting their goaltender. All rulebooks necessitate penalties if offensive player disturbs a goaltender's chance to defend the target. For all penalties, the offending player is sent towards the "penalty box" wonderful team is required to play without him sufficient reason for one less skater for one short period. Most minor penalties last two minutes, unless a main penalty of 5 minutes duration, or even a double minor penalty of two consecutive penalties of two minutes duration, continues to be assessed. The team containing taken the penalty has been said that should be playing shorthanded although the other team is on the "power play". A two-minute minor penalty can often be asked community suggestions lesser infractions similar to tripping, elbowing, roughing, high-sticking, delay of your game, way too many players over the ice, illegal equipment, charging (leaping into a rival or body-checking him after taking greater than two strides), holding, interference, hooking, or cross-checking. As of the 2005-06 season, the is furthermore assessed for diving, the place where a player embellishes a hook or trip. More egregious fouls may just be penalized by the four-minute double-minor penalty, particularly which cause destruction of the victimized player. These penalties end either if the time finishes and the other team scores on the power play. In the matter of the purpose scored in the first 2 minutes of the double-minor, the penalty clock is ready as a result of two minutes upon a score effectively expiring the earliest minor penalty. Five-minute major penalties are known as for especially violent cases of most minor infractions that induce intentional trouble for a rival, or if a "minor" penalty brings about visible injury (such as bleeding), also fighting. Major penalties will almost allways be served completely in; they do not terminate on the goal scored through the other team. The foul of 'boarding', thought as "check[ing] an adversary in that manner that involves the opponent that should be thrown violently on the boards" from the NHL Rulebook is penalized either using a minor or major penalty in the discretion within the referee, good violence within the hit. Any small or major penalty for boarding is in addition often assessed if a player checks a rival from behind and in the boards. Some different types of penalties don't invariably require offending team that can be played men short. Concurrent five-minute major penalties in the NHL usually originate from fighting. If you are two players being assessed five-minute fighting majors, they both serve five minutes without their team incurring a loss of profits of player (both teams still have a whole complement of players at the ice). This differs with two players from opposing sides getting minor penalties, on the other hand or at any intersecting moment, caused by more infractions. Now, both teams can have only four skating players (not counting the goaltender) until either penalties expire (for further expires prior to other, the opposing team gets to be a power play for any remainder); this applies regardless current pending penalties, though in your NHL, a team has always as a minimum three skaters over the ice. Ten-minute misconduct penalties are served fully from the penalized player, but his team may immediately substitute another player to the ice unless any small or major penalty is assessed in conjunction with the misconduct (a two-and-ten or five-and-ten). Therefore, the team designates another player for everyone the minor or major; both players featuring penalty box, but simply the designee probably are not replaced, and this man is released upon the expiration of the two or five minutes, after which the ten-minute misconduct begins. Besides, game misconducts are assessed for deliberate intent to inflict severe injury with an opponent (around the officials' discretion), and for a big penalty for one stick infraction or repeated major penalties. The offending player is ejected from the game and must immediately leave the playing surface (he doesn't sit while in the penalty box); meanwhile, if a minor or major is assessed what's more, a designated player must serve out that segment for the penalty around the box (much like the above-mentioned "two-and-ten"). A new player that is tripped, or illegally obstructed ultimately, by an adversary on the breakaway  when lacking defenders except the goaltender between him as well as opponent's goal  is awarded a penalty shot, a go to attain without opposition from any defenders except the goaltender. A lack of success shot is furthermore awarded for any defender rather than the goaltender since puck while in the goal crease, a goaltender intentionally displacing his goal posts on top of a breakaway to stop an objective, a defender intentionally displacing some goal posts when there is lower than two minutes to use in regulation time or at any time during overtime, or possibly a player or coach intentionally throwing a stick or some other object at the puck as well as puck carrier additionally, the throwing action disrupts a trial or pass play. An ice hockey referee is liable for assessing most penalties over a game. Officials also stop play for puck movement violations, just like using one's hands to secure the puck around the offensive end, but no players are penalized of these offences. The only real exceptions are deliberately falling on or gathering the puck on the body, carrying the puck on the hand, and shooting the puck out from play in one's defensive zone (all penalized two minutes for delay of game). The latest penalty within the NHL is true for the goalies. The goalies now want to have fun with the puck during the "corners" for the rink near their own unique net. This tends to resulted in a two-minute penalty against the goalie's team. The space immediately behind the world wide web (marked by two red lines on either sides with the net) could be the only area behind online when the goalie can engage in the puck. One more rule that isn't a penalty on the new NHL would be the two line offside passes. You don't see any more two-line offside pass whistles blown. Now players can easily pass to teammates in which are above nowhere and centre ice red line away. The NHL has had steps to speed the experience of hockey up and create a bet on finesse, by retreating through the past where illegal hits, fights, and "clutching and grabbing" among players were commonplace. Rules at this moment extra strictly enforced leading to more infractions being penalized which inturn provides more protection with the players and makes it possible for more goals to be scored. There are many infractions where a new player may perhaps be assessed a problem. The governing body for National amateur hockey has implemented many new rules to cut back the sheer number of stick-on-body occurrences, besides other detrimental and illegal facets of the game play ("Zero Tolerance"). In men's hockey, however it is not in women's, a new player will use his hip or shoulder going to another player when the player contains the puck or perhaps is another to obtain touched it. This standby time with the hip and shoulder is named body checking. Its not all physical contact is legal  notably, hits from behind and the majority of sorts of forceful stick-on-body contact are illegal. Officials Main article: Official (ice hockey) A regular game of ice hockey has three to five officials within the ice, arraigned with enforcing the laws within the game. You can find typically two linesmen in which are responsible used only for calling offside and icing violations, and something or two referees, who call goals and they all other penalties. Linesmen can, however, are accountable to the referee(s) that the penalty worse when compared with a two-minute minor penalty need to be assessed against an offending player, or if a many men to the ice infraction occurs. On-ice officials are assisted by off-ice officials who are goal judges, time keepers, and official scorers. The foremost widespread system being listened to today is a 3-man system, that also includes one referee and two linesmen. Using the first being the National Hockey League, various leagues now implement the 4-official system, where another referee is put onto aid in the calling of penalties normally hard to assess by a single referee. Machine has proven quite successful on the NHL along with the IIHF have adopted it towards the World Championships, slightly discussed through the 2008 World Championships in Quebec City and Halifax, Canada. A number of other leagues are adopting the computer for one more season, which only downside at the moment could be the increased cost for any leagues. Officials are selected because of the league that they work. Amateur hockey leagues use guidelines established by national organizing bodies for a grounds for choosing their officiating staffs. In Nova scotia, the national organizing bodies Hockey Canada and USA Hockey approve officials according to their level of experience in addition to their opportunity to pass rules knowledge and skating ability tests. Hockey Canada has officiating levels I through VI. USA Hockey has officiating levels 1 through 4. This section is not going to cite any references or sources. Help improve this particular article by having citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may very well be challenged and removed. (March 2010) Tactics Winning the faceoff could possibly be the critical for some strategies. An activity between Saginaw and Plymouth's Ontario Hockey League teams. A pretty important defensive tactic is checking  aiming to accept the puck from a rival in order to take away the opponent from play. Stick checking, sweep checking, and poke checking are legal uses with the abide by obtain possession of the puck. The neutral zone trap was designed to isolate the puck carrier inside neutral zone preventing him from entering the offensive zone. Body checking is employing one's shoulder or hip to strike a rival who have the puck or who may be the third to have touched it (the final person to possess touched the puck holds legally "in possession" of the usb ports, although a penalty is normally called if she's checked greater than two seconds after his last touch). The very term checking is commonly employed to refer to body checking, using its true definition generally only propagated among fans of this game. Offensive tactics include improving a team's position over the ice by advancing the puck outside of one's zone around the opponent's zone, progressively by gaining lines, first your special blue line, next the red line and in the end the opponent's blue line. NHL rules instated for those 2006 season redefined offside to build the two-line pass legal; a new player may pass the puck from behind his personal blue line, past both that blue line additionally, the centre red line, to your player in the near side within the opponents' blue line. Offensive tactics were created ultimately gain goal through a go. Each player purposely directs the puck to your opponent's goal, she or he is believed shoot the puck. Peter Bondra within the Atlanta Thrashers shoots the puck and scores behind Roberto Luongo of this Florida Panthers A deflection is mostly a shot which redirects a trial or just a pass for the goal from another player, by letting the puck to strike the stick and carom into the goal. A one-timer can be described as shot which happens to be struck directly off a pass, without finding the pass and shooting into two separate actions. A deke (short for decoy) is definitely a feint together with the body and/or go by fool a defender or even goalie. Headmanning the puck, also known as cherry-picking or breaking out, could be the tactic of rapidly passing in the player farthest on the ice. Many new age players have found an art called dangling, formerly also known as deking. Dangles however are really a lot more fancy and require more stick handling skills. Popular dangles: from your legs shot, toe drag flip up tap down, of course the traditional toe drag from the legs. A team that may be losing by one or two goals over the last short while of play can on occasion tend to pull the goalie; that may be, take off the goaltender and replace him / her that has an extra attacker on the ice hoping of gaining enough convenience of score an objective. However, costly act of desperation, the way it sometimes can cause the opposing team extending their lead by scoring an objective from the empty net. A delayed penalty call occurs each penalty offense is committed by the team that doesn't have having the puck. During this circumstance they with having the puck is able to complete the play; which is, play continues until a target is scored, a farmer on the opposing team gains management of the puck, or even the team in possession commits an infraction or penalty of their very own. Considering that the team which the penalty was called cannot control the puck without stopping play, it's always impossible to score an ambition, however, it will be possible in the controlling team to mishandle the puck constantly in their own net. In these instances the team in possession of the puck can pull the goalie to have an extra attacker without the fear of being scored on. In case a delayed penalty is signaled and the team in possession scores, the penalty still is assessed on the offending player, except for served. Just about the most important approaches for a team is their forecheck. Forechecking is the act of attacking the opposition to their defensive zone. Forechecking is an integral part of this dump and chase strategy (ie shooting the puck within the offensive zone after which you can going after it). Each team may use their own unique system although the main ones are: 2-1-2, 1-2-2, and 1-4. The 2-1-2 is considered the most basic forecheck system where two forwards runs in deep and pressure the opposition's defencemen, the third forward stays high and therefore the two defencemen stay in the blueline. The 1-2-2 might be more conservative system where one forward pressures the puck carrier and also other two forwards cover the oppositions' wingers, with the two defencemen residing at the blueline. The 1-4 is among the most defensive foresheck system, often known as the trap, where one forward will apply pressure in the puck carrier throughout the oppositions' blueline and also the other 4 players stand basically inside of a line by their blueline self-confident the opposition will skate into in particular. There are lots of other little tactics found in the video game of hockey. Pinching is a term used because a defencemen pressures the opposition's winger from the offensive zone when breaking out, looking to stop their attack and retain the puck on the offensive zone. A saucer pass can be described as pass used when an opposition's stick or person is while in the passing lane. This is basically the act of raising the puck covering the obstruction all night . it land about the teammates' stick. Fights Main article: Fighting in ice hockey Although fighting is officially prohibited in the laws, it can be both a resource of criticism and also a considerable draw in the sport. Inside the professional level in North America fights are unofficially condoned. Enforcers and various players fight to demoralize the opposing players while exciting their unique, and even settling personal scores. A fight will even bust out if the first within the team's skilled players gets hit hard or someone gets hit by what the c's perceives as being a dirty hit. The amateur game penalizes fisticuffs more harshly, as a general player who receives a fighting major is usually assessed a minimum of a ten minute misconduct penalty (NCAA but some Junior league) or maybe a game misconduct penalty and suspension (graduating high school and younger, plus some casual adult leagues). Periods and overtime An experienced game includes three periods of 20 min each, time running only if the puck is due to play. The teams change ends for that second period, again to the third period, and again at the start of each overtime played. Recreational leagues and children's leagues often play shorter games, generally with three shorter periods of play. Various procedures are recommended whenever a game is tied. In tournament play, whereas in the the NHL playoffs, Americans favor sudden death overtime, wherein the teams go on to play twenty minute periods until goal is scored. Golf club back slowly the 1999-2000 season regular season NHL games were settled with a single five minute sudden death period with five players (and then a goalie) per side, together with the winner awarded two points while in the standings and also the loser no points. If a tie (if your overtime was scoreless), each team was awarded some point. From 1999-2000 until 2003-04 the National Hockey League decided ties by playing one single five minute sudden death overtime period with each team having four players (in addition to a goalie) per side to "open-up" the game. In the eventuality of a tie, each team would still receive many point around the standings however in the the event on the victory the winning team can be awarded two points inside the standings additionally, the losing team some point. The only exception to this rule is if a team opts to their goalie so they could earn another skater during overtime and its subsequently scored upon (an 'Empty Net' goal), whereby the losing team receives no points for your overtime loss. International play plus several United states professional leagues, comprising the NHL (while in the regular season), are now using an overtime period accompanied by a penalty shootout. In the event the score remains tied after a supplementary overtime period, the following shootout comprises three players from each team taking penalty shots. After all six of these total shots, the c's with goals is awarded the victory. In the event the score continues tied, the shootout then proceeds towards sudden death format. Style and color . amount of goals scored all through the shootout by either team, the last score recorded will award the winning team another goal in comparison to the score by the end of regulation time. On the NHL any time a game is set by way of shootout the winning team is awarded two points while in the standings and the losing team is awarded one point. Ties not is situated the NHL. Women's ice hockey Women playing hockey at Rideau Hall circa 1890 (earliest known picture of women's hockey) Great women's ice hockey Lord Stanley of Preston's daughter, Lady Isobel Stanley, has been a pioneer while in the women's game and is also the primary females for being photographed using puck and stick (around 1890) relating to the natural ice rink at Rideau Hall in Ottawa, Canada. From the early 1900s, women's teams were common throughout the majority of the Canadian provinces, the long skirts they wore were required to wear going for a goaltending advantage. On March 8, 1899, the 1st account appeared while in the Ottawa Evening Journal newspaper from a game played between two women's teams of four years old per side at the Rideau Skating Rink in Ottawa. On February 11, 1891, among the list of earliest newspaper accounts to a seven-a-side game between women appeared in the Ottawa Citizen. McGill University's women's hockey team debuted in 1894.. In 1920, Lady Isobel Brenda (Allan) Meredith of Montreal donated the 'Lady Meredith Cup', the primary ice hockey trophy in Canada that they are competed for between women in ankle-length skirts. Lady Meredith (the wife of Sir Vincent Meredith) was the main cousin of Sir H. Montagu Allan who had donated the Allan Cup for men's amateur ice hockey in 1908. Women's ice hockey today Ice hockey belongs to the fastest growing women's sports across the globe, along with the selection of participants increasing 350 percent within the last few Ten years. While there's not as much organized leagues for women as there are for guys, there are leagues coming from all levels, just like National Women's Hockey League, Western Women's Hockey League, Mid-Atlantic Womens Hockey Association, as well as European leagues; combined with university teams, national and Olympic teams, and recreational teams. There was clearly nine IIHF World Women Championships. A women's ice hockey team in 1921 The USHL welcomed the pioneer female professional hockey player in 1969-70, once the Marquette Iron Rangers signed Karen Koch. Women's ice hockey was added in the form of medal sport in the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan. The nation won gold, Canada won silver and Finland won bronze. The main distinction between women's and men's ice hockey usually body checking isn't really allowed in women's ice hockey. After the 1990 Women's World Championship, body checking was eliminated because female players in lot of countries should not have the size and mass witnessed in Us players. In current IIHF women's competition, body checking will be an minor or major penalty, decided along the referee's discretion. What's more, players in women's competition are needed to wear protective full-face masks. One woman, Manon Rhaume, appeared as the goaltender for your NHL's Tampa Bay Lightning in preseason games with the St. Louis Blues and therefore the Boston Bruins, plus in 2003 Hayley Wickenheiser dealt with the Kirkkonummi Salamat inside the Finnish men's Suomi-sarja league. Several women have competed in Usa minor leagues, including goaltenders Charline Labont, Kelly Dyer, Erin Whitten, Manon Rhaume, and defencewoman Angela Ruggiero. Pond hockey Main article: Pond hockey Pond hockey can be a sort of ice hockey played generally as pick-up hockey on lakes and ponds. Pond hockey rules vary from traditional hockey, locating a greater focus on skating abilities. Since 2002, society Pond Hockey Championship has been played on Roulston Lake in Plaster Rock, New Brunswick, Canada. International competition National teams Finland vs Russia in the winter months Olympics 2006 in Turin. The annual men's Ice Hockey World Championships are more legitimate by Europeans than North Americans as they coincide in the Stanley Cup playoffs. Consequently, Canada, the u . s, in addition to countries with large numbers of NHL players have not at all always been able to field the most beautiful possible teams because lots of their top players are playing for any Stanley Cup. Furthermore, for countless years professionals were barred from play. Since many Europeans play in the NHL, the entire world championships not any longer represent the many world's top players. Hockey continues to be played with the Winter Olympics since 1924 (possibly at summer time games in 1920). Canada won six with the first seven gold medals, except in 1936 when United kingdom won. The nation won their first gold medal in 1960. The USSR won basically two Olympic ice hockey gold medals from 1956 to 1988 and won one more time since Unified Team with the 1992 Albertville Olympics. U. S. amateur college players defeated the heavily favored Soviet squad on how to winning the gold medal within the 1980 Lake Placid Olympics - a meeting named the "Miracle on ice" in the nation. Ever since the 1998 games in Nagano all top players out of your NHL have been completely able to take part and nowadays Winter Olympics games are often the top guns international tournament by ice hockey fans. The 1972 Summit Series and 1974 Summit Series, established Canada and then the USSR as the major international ice hockey rivalry. It absolutely was with five Canada Cup tournaments, from where the best players from every hockey nation could play, as well as two exhibition series, the 1979 Challenge Cup and Rendez-vous '87 where the best players in the NHL totally USSR. The Canada Cup tournament later took over as World Cup of Hockey, played in 1996 and 2004. The us . won in 1996 and Canada won in 2004. There were eleven women's world championships since 2008, beginning in 1990. Women's hockey is actually played on the Olympics since 1998. The 2006 Winter Olympic final between Canada and Sweden marked the pioneer women's world championship or Olympic final that could not involve both Canada as well as Us The annual Euro Hockey Tour, an unofficial European championships within the national men's teams for the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia and Sweden have been completely played since 1996-97. Other ice hockey tournaments featuring national teams range from the World U20 Championship, the World U18 Championships, the whole world U-17 Hockey Challenge, society Junior Hard, the Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament, the modern world Women's U18 Championships and also 4 Nations Cup. Clubs Main article: Number of ice hockey leagues The nation's Hockey League, and specifically the Stanley Cup trophy, will be the oldest still operating international competition, featuring clubs within the Nation and Canada. The Kontinental Hockey League, an international ice hockey league in Eurasia additionally, the successor on the Russian Super League and then the Soviet League, the which often extends back within the 1940s, was launched in 2008 with clubs out of the post-Soviet states and seeks to inflate at night former USSR with the league's future seasons. The Elite Ice Hockey League is definitely the highest standard of ice hockey in the uk. The league is served by teams coming from all of the home nations: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. The Asia League Ice Hockey, a worldwide ice hockey league featuring clubs from China, Japan and The philipines, stands out as the successor to your Japan Ice Hockey League. International club competitions organized because of the IIHF add Champions Hockey League, the Continental Cup, the Victoria Cup and also the European Women's Champions Cup. One of many oldest international ice hockey competition for clubs following Stanley Cup playoffs often is the Spengler Cup, held per year in Davos, Switzerland between Christmas and New Year's Day. It was initially awarded in 1923 to Oxford University Ice Hockey Club. Pre-season tournaments include Tampere Cup and therefore the Pajulahti Cup. Ice hockey in popular culture Main article: Ice hockey in popular culture Ice hockey may be the official winter sport of Canada. Ice hockey, partially for its popularity in the form of major professional sport, has become a 2010 strategy to obtain inspiration for numerous films, television episodes and songs in American popular culture. Attendance records It is often suggested the fact that section be split up into an alternative article titled Directory of ice hockey games with highest attendance. (Discuss) The Cold War The most important hockey attendance in history was on October 6, 2001, for the game often called the Cold War. Two college hockey rivals, University of Michigan and Michigan State University, opened their season having a game in Michigan State's outdoor football arena, Spartan Stadium. A $500,000 sheet of ice applied, and then the temperature was 30 F (1 C). This online game drew a record-breaking 74,554 spectators, damaging the previous availablility of 55,000 attendance within the Sweden vs. Soviet Union game within the world championship in Moscow. The Heritage Classic The Heritage Classic was a backyard ice hockey game played on November 22, 2003 in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada amongst the Edmonton Oilers and also Montreal Canadiens. It set a new record for many viewers of NHL regular season game in Canada, with 2.747 million nationwide. An old-timers game, called the MegaStars game, was played prior to a regular-season match, and featured alumni of Oilers playing against a squad of former Canadiens. This is actually only NHL alumni game where by Wayne Gretzky has played since retiring, and he maintains it will be the third. The 2008 Winter Classic The largest crowd to ever watch an NHL game was during the AMP Energy NHL Winter Classic when 71,000 people watched the Pittsburgh Penguins battle the Buffalo Sabres. The game occurred at Ralph Wilson Stadium, the home stadium belonging to the National Football League's Buffalo Bills in Orchard Park, California, a suburb of Buffalo, on January 1, 2008. Obvious the first NHL game held outdoors in the country. The Penguins scored the most important goal inside of the first 20 seconds in the game. The Sabres then scored in the 2nd period to tie the game. The game went into overtime as well as the Penguins wound up winning by carrying out a shoot on a target by Sidney Crosby. Both teams wore throwback jerseys - the Penguins donning the powder blue jerseys from your 70s and the Sabres old-logo jerseys in the same era. Both goalies, Ryan Miller and Ty Conklin played in their second outdoor game. The game play was easily an achiever by a PR and hockey standpoint[citation needed] for the NHL rapidly cold temperatures and snow. Amount of registered players by country Volume of registered hockey players, including men, along with junior, proposed by the respective countries' federations. Keep in mind that this list only includes countries with over 1000 registered players. Away from 68 IIHF members 31 read more than 1000 registered players as of December, 2009. Country Players % of Population  Canada 499,695 1.50%  United States 465,975 0.15%  Czech Republic 97,102 0.95%  Russia 84,720 0.06%  Germany 68,800 0.06%  Finland 61,684 1.18%  Sweden 60,374 0.67%  Switzerland 24,705 0.33%  Japan 21,027 0.02%  France 17,133 0.03%  Austria 10,378 0.13%  Slovakia 8,671 0.16%  Italy 6,454 0.01%  Norway 6,385 0.14%  United Kingdom 5,627 0.01%  Kazakhstan 5,251 0.03%  Latvia 4,539 0.20%  Ukraine 4,228 0.01%  Denmark 4,056 0.07%  Belarus 3,302 0.03%  North Korea 3,270 0.01%  Netherlands 3,059 0.02%  Poland 2,923 0.01%  Australia 2,836 0.01%  Mexico 2,220 0.002%  Hungary 2,034 0.02%  New Zealand 1,510 0.04%  Romania 1,500 0.01%  Slovenia 1,434 0.07%  South Korea 1,247 0.003%  Belgium 1,192 0.01% Total 1,443,498 See also Past of Bandy Set of ice hockey games with highest attendance References Wikimedia Commons has media associated with: Ice hockey Wikinews has news relating to: Ice Hockey Farrell, Arthur (1899). Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game.  Selke, Frank (1962). Behind The Cheering. Toronto, Ontario: McClelland and Stewart Ltd.  Vaughan, Garth (1996). The Puck Stops Here: The origin of Canada's great winter game. Goose Lane Editions.  Notes ^ Including former incarnations of, like Czechoslovakia or even the Soviet Union. ^ Men ^ Women ^ Women ^ a b Dalhousie University (2000). Thomas Raddall Selected Correspondence: Searching for Edition. Print source: Thomas Raddall Fonds, Correspondence. From Thomas Raddall to Douglas M. Fisher, 25 January 1954. MS-2-202 41.14. Retrieved on 2009-05-10. ^ a b Vaughan, G. (1999). "Quotes Prove Ice Hockey's Origin. " Birthplace of Hockey. Retrieved on: 2009-05-10. ^ a b "Hockey night in Kingston". http://www.queensjournal.ca/article.php?point=vol133/issue11/features/lead1. Retrieved June 21, 2006.  ^ Garth Vaughan, The Puck Stops Here: Dogs with aggressive behavior of Canada's great winter game, Fredericton: Goose Lane Editions, 1996, p. 23. ^ Zukerman, Earl (March 17, 2005). "McGill contribution to your origins of ice hockey". http://www.athletics.mcgill.ca/varsity_sports_article.ch2?article_id=81. Retrieved October 11, 2006.  ^ Farrell, Arthur (1899). Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game. p. 27.  ^ The trophy for this purpose tournament is displayed from the Musee McCord Museum in Montreal. A picture of these trophy can be found here. ^ Talbot, Michael (March 5, 2001). "On Frozen Ponds" ([dead link] Scholar search). Macleans. http://www.macleans.ca/topstories/canada/article.jsp?content=47048#continue.  ^ Cambridge Evening News, "Sporting Heritage is Found", July 26, 2003. ^ Oxford University Ice Hockey Club. "History". http://users.ox.ac.uk/~ouihc/history.html. Retrieved October 11, 2006.  ^ Podnieks, Andrew; Hockey Hall of Fame (2004). Lord Stanley's Cup. Triumph Books. ISBN 1-55168-261-3.  ^ Selke, p. 21 ^ "Hockey (Ice)". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Historical Reasons for Canada. 2006. http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0003794.  ^ International Ice Hockey Federation. "History of Ice Hockey". http://www.iihf.com/iihf/history/history.htm. Retrieved October 11, 2006.  ^ http://www.questia.com/googleScholar.qst?docId=5002567816 ^ Schmidt, Todd A. "Ice Hockey Injuries". The Hughston Clinic, P. C. - Home - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine in Georgia and Alabama. 26 March 2009. ^ [Schmidt, Todd A. "Ice Hockey Injuries. " The Hughston Clinic, P. C. - Home - Orthopedics and Sports Medicine in Georgia and Alabama. 26 March 2009.] ^ Griffith, H. Winter. Complete strategies sports injuries methods to treat--fractures, bruises, sprains, strains, dislocations, head injuries. 3rd ed. Big apple, N. Y: Body P/Perigee, 2004. ^ International Ice Hockey Federation (September 2002) (PDF). Official Rule Book 2002-2006. http://www.iihf.com/pdfRules/IIHFRuleBookeng.pdf.  ^ National Hockey League (2006) (PDF). Official Rules 2006-07. Chicago, USA: Triumph Books. ISBN 1-894801-03-2. http://cdn.nhl.com/rules/20062007rulebook.pdf.  ^ Dryden, Ken (1999). The action. Toronto: Macmillan Canada. ISBN 0-7715-7673-0.  ^ KAHC Suspended Players retrieved 2 August 2009 ^ Ottawa Evening Journal. March 8, 1899.  ^ McFarlane, Brian (1994). Proud Past, good chance: 250 time spent Canadian women's hockey. Toronto: Stoddart Publishing. p. 18.  ^ Backcheck: A Hockey Retrospective at Library and Archives Canada ^ "Industry Canada". http://strategis.ic.gc.ca/epic/internet/inimr-ri.nsf/en/gr-72585e.html. Retrieved December 4, 2005. [dead link] ^ a b "IIHF World Women Championships" (PDF). International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com//archive/WW.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-28.  ^ www.marquetteironrangers.com ^ a b Andria Hunter. "1998 Winter Olympics". http://www.whockey.com/int/olympics/1998/. Retrieved 2006-12-28.  ^ a b "Section 6 - Specific Rules" (PDF). International Ice Hockey Federation Official Rule Book. International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/hockey/rules/img/sec6.pdf. Retrieved 2006-12-28.  ^ World Pond Hockey Championship - Reputation the globe Pond Hockey Championships ^ Michigan Hockey Newspaper[volume & issue needed] ^ "Members". IIHF. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/members.html. 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